N1-元 was underfunded and rushed, starting development in October 1965, almost four years after the Saturn V.
The 元 contained one stage for trans-lunar injection another stage used for mid-course corrections, lunar orbit insertion, and the first part of the descent to the lunar surface a single-pilot LK Lander spacecraft and a two-pilot Soyuz 7K-LOK lunar orbital spacecraft for return to Earth. The basic N1 launch vehicle had three stages, which were to carry the 元 lunar payload into low Earth orbit with two cosmonauts. The N1-元 version was designed to compete with the United States Apollo program to land a person on the Moon, using a similar lunar orbit rendezvous method. Its first stage remains one of the most powerful rocket stages ever built, However, all of the four flown N1 Block A first stages failed because a lack of static test firings meant that plumbing issues and other adverse characteristics with the large cluster of thirty engines and its complex fuel and oxidizer feeder system were not revealed earlier. The N1 was the Soviet counterpart to the US Saturn V and was intended to enable crewed travel to Earth's Moon and beyond, with studies beginning as early as 1959. The N1/元 (from Ракета-носитель Raketa-nositel', "Carrier Rocket" Cyrillic: Н1) was a super heavy-lift launch vehicle intended to deliver payloads beyond low Earth orbit.
Mockup at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in late 1967Ĭrewed lunar launch vehicle/ Super heavy-lift launch vehicleįourth stage (N1/元) – Block G (Earth departure)
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